1.整理英语重点句型
Unit 1 Will people have robots? 1. fewer people 更少的人(fewer修饰名词复数,表示否定) 2. less free time 更少的空闲时间(less修饰不可数名词,表示否定) 3. in ten years 10年后(in的时间短语用于将来时,提问用How soon) 4. fall in love with… 爱上… 例:When I met Mr. Xu for the first time, I fell in love with him at once 当我第一次见到许老师,我立刻爱上他 5. live alone 单独居住 6. feel lonely 感到孤独(比较:live alone/go along等) The girl walked alone along the street, but she didn’t feel lonely那女孩独自沿着街道走,但她并不感到孤独 7. keep/feed a pet pig 养一头宠物猪 8. fly to the moon 飞上月球 9. hundreds of +复数 数百/几百(概数,类似还有thousands of; millions of) 10. the same as 和……相同 11. A be different from B A与B不同(=There is a difference/Thgere are differences between A and B) 12. wake up 醒来(wake sb. up表示 “唤醒某人” 13. get bored 变得厌倦(get/become是连系动词,后跟形容词如tired/angry/excited等) 14. go skating 去滑冰(类似还有go hiking/fishing /skating/bike riding等) 15. lots of/a lot of 许多(修饰可数名词、不可数名词都可以) 16. at the weekends 在周末 17. study on computers 通过电脑学习 18. agree with sb. 同意某人(的意见) 19. I don’t agree. = I disagree. 我不同意 20. on a piece of paper 在一张纸上(注意paper/information/news/work/homework/housework等常考到的不可数名词) 21. on vacation 度假 22. help sb with sth/help sb do sth 帮助某人做某事 23. many different kinds of goldfish 许多不同种金鱼 24. live in an apartment 住在公寓里/live on the twelfth floor 住在12楼 25. live at NO.332,Shanghai Street 住在上海路332号 26. as a reporter 作为一名记者 27. look smart 显得精神/看起来聪明 28. Are you kidding? 你在骗我吗 29. in the future 在将来/在未来 30. no more=not …anymore 不再(强调多次发生的动作不再发生) 31. no longer=not… any longer 不再(强调状态不再发生) 32. besides(除…之外还,包括)与except =but(除…之外,不包括) 33. be able to与can 能、会 l (be able to用于各种时态,而can只能用于一般现在时态和一般过去时态中;have to用于各种时态,而must只能用于一般现在时态)例如: l 1.I have been able to/will be able to speak two languages. (不可以用can) 2. will have to/ had to stay at home. (不可以用must) 本单元目标句型: 1. What do you think life will be like in 1000 years? 2. There will be fewer trees、more buildings and less pollution in the future. lfewer; less表示否定之意,分别修饰可数名词和不可数名词;more二者都可以修饰。
3. Will kids go to school? No, they won’t/Yes, they will 本单元语法讲解 一般将来时 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态。本时态标志词: 1.含tomorrow; next短语; 2.in+段时间 ; 3.how soon; 4.by+将来时间; 5.by the time sb.do… 6.祈使句句型中:or/and sb. will do 7.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时 8.another day 比较be going to 与will: be going to 表示近期、眼下就要发生的事情,will 表示的将来时间则较远一些。
如: He is going to write a letter tonight. He will write a book one day. 2. be going to 表示根据主观判断将来肯定发生的事情,will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。 He is seriously ill. He is going to die. He will be twenty years old. 3. be going to 含有“计划,准备”的意思,而 will 则没有这个意思,如: She is going to lend us her book. He will be here in half an hour. 4.在有条件从句的主句中,一般不用 be going to, 而多用will, 如: If any beasts comes at you, I’ll stay with you and help you. 掌握了它们的这些不同,你就能很好的区分be going to与will了。
JJJJ一般将来时常见的标志词JJJJ 1.含tomorrow; next短语; 2.in+段时间 ; 3.how soon; 4.by+将来时间; 5.祈使句句型中:or/and sb. will do 例Be quick, or you will be late=If you don’t be quick,you will be late 6.在时间/条件状语从句中, 如果从句用一般现在时, 主句用将来时(另见Unit 5)。
2.求初二英语的知识点整理
十六种时态和他们的时间状语 1.一般现在时(do /does ) every day, every week , always ,usually, seldom ,never . 2.一般过去时(did ) yesterday , last week , ago ,the other day , just now, in the past , that day , from then on (不到现在) 3.一般将来时(will do ) Tomorrow ,this evening , next week , soon , at once , right away, in three minutes , just a moment. 4.过去将来时(would do ) the next day ,after three years ,three years later ,soon ,right away . (这些时间状语用于间接引语) 5.现在进行时(am /is /are doing) now , just now , at the moment ,at present , always (带有感情色彩) 6 过去进行时(was /were doing ) at six yesterday evening ,from 7 to 9 yesterday evening ,at that time . 7 现在完成时(have /has done ) since , for some years , already , just , before, recently , so far , up till now , in the past few years , the last ten years . 8 过去完成时(had done ) by +过去时间, three years before , up to the end of last year 9 现在完成进行时(have /has been doing ) these days , all the morning , all day long ,all the year round 10 过去完成进行时(had been doing ) in those day , all day (这些时间状语用于间接引语) 11 将来进行时(shall/will be doing ) at 8 tomorrow morning , from 2 to 3 tomorrow afternoon 12 过去将来进行时(should /would be doing ) at 8 the next morning ,from 7 to 8 the next morning 13 将来完成时(shall /will have done ) by 2008 14 过去将来完成时(should /would have done ) by +将来时间(用于虚拟语气或间接引语), by the end of the next year 15 将来完成进行时(shall /will have been doing ) all tomorrow morning , all next week . 16 过去将来完成进行时(should /would have been doing ) all the next day , all the next week 几个时态的比较 1.did sth./have done sth. Who has taken away my umbrella? I can’t find it anywhere. Oh, Sally took it away just now. 2.did sth./ had done sth. We learned six passages last week. We had learned six passages by the end of last week. 3.have been doing/have done sth. They have repaired several cars. They have been repairing cars.下面还有资料。
3.初中英语的知识点啊
找读书好滴同学借英语课本笔记
或找老师借英语课本笔记
或者你自己有英语课本笔记
壹页壹页的翻
在早上记忆最佳的时间去读
不过不要死记硬背
而要加以理解
就行了
不过要经常去读
去温习
不懂得或做错的马上问老师
并做个标记
在产生对英语有极大的兴趣时
那麽你成功了
你将会考得很好
我学英语的方法
4.求英语知识点归纳
短语、词组归纳] 由动词开头构成的短语、词组很多。
复习时应分类处理: 一、动词+介词 1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料… 2.listen to…听…… 3.welcome to…欢迎到…… 4.say hello to …向……问好 5.speak to…对……说话 此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后。 二、动词+副词 “动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类: A.动词(vt.)+副词 1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下 此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面。
B.动词(vi)+副词。 1.come on赶快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家 4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立 此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语。
三、其它类动词词组 1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class 4.be ill 5.have a look/seat 6.have supper 7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games 10. play games [介词短语聚焦] “介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语。现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类。
1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着……。 2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等。
3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间。 4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”。
5.in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”。 6.in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”。
7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the。 8.at + 时刻表示钟点。
9.like this/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”。 10.of短语表示所属关系。
11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所。 12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”。
另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握。如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等。
[重点句型大回放] 1.I think…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型。其否定式常用I don’t think…, 2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb. 3.take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人。
4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中。 5.Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内, 6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换. 7.What about…?/How about…?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等。
about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式。 8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式。
9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”, 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作, 10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式, 11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点。 12.introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”。
[重点短语快速复习] 1.kinds of 各种各样的 2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是…… 3. neither…nor…既不……也不…… 4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶 5. take a seat 就坐 6. home cooking 家常做法 7. be famous for 因……而著名 8. on ones way to在……途中 9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院 10. at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾 11. wait for 等待 12. in time 及时 13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去 14. just then 正在那时 15. first of all 首先,第一 16. go wrong 走错路 17. be/get lost 迷路 18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗 19. get on 上车 20. get off 下车 21. stand in line 站队 22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室 23. at the head of……在……的前头 24. laugh at 嘲笑 25. throw about 乱丢,抛散 26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as… 一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地,反复地 38. wake up 醒来,叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look 。
5.归纳英语表示 很多 的短语
修饰可数:a(good/large/many/great)number of/numbers of;many(注:a great many=a number of)
修饰不可数:much;a (great) deal of(+ 名词)(a great deal后加形容词);a bit of(+名词)(a bit后加形容词);(an)(large)amount of/amounts of
可数不可数皆可(谓语动词随修饰的名词):a (large)quantity of/quantities of(注:quantities of是个例外。无论其修饰可数不可数,谓语动词一律用复数);a lot of/lots of;plenty of;masses of;a pile of/piles of(以上为引用)
名词
great quantity
mickle
形容词
very many
副词
very much
6.初一下英语知识点归纳
不知道你有没有耐心看完,加油吧!一.短语 1.go on vacation go to summer camp stay at home study for exams Central Park show sth to sb .help him find his father walk back to… go shopping the Palace Museum think of have fun doing sth .bus trip the Great Wall Tian’an Men Square .a Beijing Hutong make sb do sth .decide to do sth all day 二.重点句子和注意事项 1.Where did you go on vacation? I went to summer camp. Where did they go on vacation? They went to New York City. Where did he go on vacation? He stayed at home. Where did she go on vacation? She visited her uncle. 2. Did you/he/she/they go to Central Park? Yes, I/he/she/they did. No, I/he/she/they didn’t. 3. How were the movies? They were fantastic 4. have fun doing something 干某事有乐趣 = enjoy oneself doing something We have fun learning and speaking English . We enjoy ourselves learning and speaking English . 我们学英语有很多乐趣 . 5. find sb. doing sth. 发现某人在干某事 find sb. do sth. 发现某人干过某事 I find him reading the novel (小说). I found him go into the room . 6. corner 角落,角,拐角处 in the corner 在角落里(指在建筑物里面) at the corner 在拐角处(指在建筑物外面或道路的拐角) My bike is at the corner . 7. be lost 迷路了=get lost , lost (adj.) The girl was lost in the big city . 8. help sb. (to) do sth.=help sb for sth 帮助某人干某事 He always helps us learn English 9. make sb. do sth. 让/使某人干某事 let / have sb. do sth. do前不带to The movie makes me relaxing . Let the boy do his homework alone . 10. feel+ adj. 感到。
I feel hungry / tired /happy / excited 11. decide to do sth. 决定干某事 They decided to go to Hainan on vacation . Uint 11 What do you think of game shows? 一. 词组 1.. TV shows(电视节目) soap opera sitcom a comedy an action movie a documentary a thriller cartoon Beijing Opera Animal World Tell it like it is Law Today game show CCTV News News in 30 Minutes Man and Nature Chinese Cooking Around China talk show Lucky52 Sports news sports show Culture China 2. write an article for the school magazine.给学校杂志写一篇文章 3. a thirteen – year – old boy.一个十三岁的男孩 4. wear colorful clothes.穿着颜色鲜艳的衣服 5. interview sb. 采访某人 in fact. 实际上 6. wear scarves. 戴着围巾 think of 想起,考虑到 二.重点句型 1. What do you think of soap operas? I can’t stand them. 2. What do you think of sports shows? I don’t mind them. 3. What does she think of “Hilltop High”? She doesn’t like it. 4. What does Tony think of Tommy? He likes him. 5. What do they think of Amanda? They love her. 三.重难点解析 1. wear (v. 动词) “穿,戴,佩”。根据不同宾语,翻译不同的汉语意思。
wear earrings 戴耳环 wear a dress 穿连衣裙wear a watch 戴手表 wear a beard 蓄胡子wear long hair 留长发 2. think “想,考虑,思索”(v. 动词)可以和许多介词搭配,组成新的意思。 A:think of “考虑”;”有。
的看法”,有时等于think about. What does he think of Beijing Opera?他对京剧有什么看法? My mother always thinks of everything!我妈妈总是想到所有的东西。 think highly of sb. /sth. 对某人或某物评价甚高 Mr Black thinks highly of his son. 布莱克先生对他儿子评价甚高。
B:think about “考虑”(指计划,观念,看它是否相宜、可行) He is thinking about going to China.他正在考虑去中国。 3. too与either的区别 too”也”,表示肯定意义,与肯定的表达方法连用;而either”也不”,表示否定意义,与否定的表达方法连用。
(1)—My brother likes to play soccer.我哥哥喜欢踢足球。—I do, too.我也是(喜欢)。
(2)—My brother doesn’t like to play soccer.我哥哥不喜欢踢足球。—I don’t, either. 我也不喜欢。
also也可以表示”也”,但一般情况下,too和either放在句子之后,also放在动词之前。 We also love talk shows.我们也喜欢访谈节目。
4. a thirteen – year – old boy 一个十三岁的男孩 此结构中,year用单数形式,且用连字符,这种结构用作定语。 a five – month – old baby 一个五个月大的婴儿 5. enjoy (v. 喜爱,享受) enjoy后面接名词、代词或动名词,注意与like/ love用法的区别。
like/ love还可以接动词不定式(to do)。 I enjoy the soap operas.我喜爱肥皂剧。
I enjoy watching the soap operas.我喜爱看肥皂剧。 但我们不能说:I enjoy to watch the soap operas. 只能说:I like / love to watch the soap operas. 6. mind 表示”介意,反对”的意思时,通常用在疑问句、否定句中。
Would you mind opening the window?请你打开窗子好不好? He doesn’t mind the cold weather at all.他一点都不在乎寒冷的天气。 多用于以下句型:(表示请求或征求意见)后接动名词/名词/代词。
Would you mind (doing) 。?Do you mind (doing) 。
? 7. stand 表示忍受(多用于否定句、疑问句) He can’t stand the hot weather.他忍受不了炎热的天气。 。
7.八上英语知识点梳理
一、情态动词Can Could May Might Shall Sshould Will Would Must Need各自的用法二、一般将来时Be going to+do/ will + do 概念 结构 回答 否定形式 疑问形式 三、翻身代词形式 用法四、一般过去时和过去进行时定义和结构 用法五、形容词和副词的比较级重点:变化规则 不规则形容词的比较级六、感叹句How+形容词+…What+名词+…七、附加疑问句(一)一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或者存在的状态。
通常与表示将来的时间状语连用,如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years等。 be going to do (动词原形)结构:表示打算、准备做的事情或者肯定要发生的事情。
如:It is going to rain. will do 结构表示将来的用法: 1. 表示预见 Do you think it will rain? You will feel better after a good rest. 2. 表示意图 I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow. What will she do tomorrow? 基本构成如下:一般疑问句构成: (1)will+主语+do…? Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday? (2)there be 结构的一般疑问句:Will there + be …? Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won’t 否定句构成:will + not (won’t)+do Sarah won’t come to visit me next Sunday. 特殊疑问句构成: 特殊疑问词+will+主语+…?What will Sarah do next Sunday? 根据例句,用will改写下列各句 例:I don’t feel well today. (be better tomorrow) I’ll be better tomorrow. 1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight) _____________________________ 2. I’m tired now. (sleep later) _____________________________ 3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon) _____________________________ 4. We can’t leave right now. (leave a little later) _____________________________ 5. The weather is awful today. (be better tomorrow) _____________________________答案:1. She’ll have a lot of homework tonight. 2. I’ll sleep later. 3. They’ll buy one soon. 4. We’ll leave a little later. 5. Maybe it’ll be better tomorrow. (二)should的用法: should用来提出建议和忠告,后边加动词原形,否定句直接在should后边加not. 例如:I think you should eat less junk food. 我认为你应该少吃垃圾食品。 She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot. 她经常开车,很少走路。
所以我认为她应该多走路。 Students shouldn’t spend too much time playing computer games. 学生们不应当花太多的时间玩计算机游戏。
学习向别人提建议的几种句式: (1)I think you should… (2)Well, you could… (3)Maybe you should … (4)Why don’t you…? (5)What about doing sth.? (6)You’d better do sth. 用should或shouldn’t填空 1. I can’t sleep the night before exams. You ______ take a warm shower before you go to bed. 2. Good friends ______ argue each other. 3. There is little milk in the glass. We _______ buy some. 4. They didn’t invite you? Maybe you ______ be friendlier. 5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I _______ do exercises every day. 答案:1. should 2. shouldn’t 3. should 4. should 5. should(三)过去进行时 过去进行时表示过去某一点时间正在进行的动作或者过去某一段时间内一直进行的动作。 1. 构成 was /were + doing,例如: I was watching TV at 9 o’clock last night. at 9 o’clock last night是时间点 They were playing football all afternoon. all afternoon是时间段 2. 过去进行时的标志词 at 8 o’clock last night, this time yesterday等。
例如: I was having lunch at home this time yesterday. 昨天的这个时候我正在吃午饭。 At that time she was writing a book. 那阵子她在写一本书。
(表示她在那段时间里一直在做那件事情。)用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. This time yesterday I ____ ______(read)books. 2. At 9 o’clock last Sunday they ______ ______(have)a party. 3. When I _____(come)into the classroom, she ________ ______(read)a storybook. 4. She _____ ______(play)computer games while her mother ____ ______(cook)yesterday afternoon. 5. I _____ ______(have)a shower when you _______(call)me yesterday. 答案:1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called(四)间接引语形成步骤: (1)不要逗号,冒号,引号 (2)要考虑到人称的变化(人称的变化与汉语是一致的) (3)要考虑时态的变化 (4)要考虑时间状语、地点状语和语示代词的变化。 1. 直接引语变成间接引语时,几个主要时态的变化规律直接引语 间接引语一般现在时 一般过去时一般将来时 过去将来时现在进行时 过去进行时 2. 直接引语变成间接引语时,一些词汇的变化规律直接引语 1. am / is 2. are 3. have / has4. will5. can6. may 间接引语1. was2. were 3. had4. would5. could6. might用括号中所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. She said I _____(be)hard-working. 2. Peter told me 。
8.初一英语知识点归纳
第一类] 名词类 1. 这些女老师们在干什么? [误] What are the woman teachers doing? [正] What are the women teachers doing? [析] 在英语中,当一名词作定语修饰另一名词(单或复数形式)时,作定语的名词一般要用其单数形式;但当man, woman作定语修饰可数名词复数形式时,要用其复数形式men, women. 2. 房间里有多少人? [误] How many peoples are there in the room? [正] How many people are there in the room? [析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名词,其单复数同形。
3. 我想为我儿子买两瓶牛奶。 [误] I want to buy two bottle of milk for my son. [正] I want to buy two bottles of milk for my son. [析] 表示不可数名词的数量时,常用“a / an或数词+表量的可数名词+ of + 不可数名词”这一结构,其中当数词大于1时,表量的可数名词要用其复数形式。
[第二类] 动词类 4. 你妹妹通常什么时候去上学? [误] What time does your sister usually goes to school? [正] What time does your sister usually go to school? [析] 借助助动词do(或does)构成疑问句或否定句时,句中的谓语动词用其原形。 5. 琳达晚上经常做作业,但今晚她在看电视。
[误] Linda often do her homework in the evening, but this evening she watching TV. [正] Linda often does her homework in the evening, but this evening she is watching TV. [析] 在初一英语学习阶段,我们接触到了两种主要时态:一般现在时和现在进行时。一般现在时表示经常的或习惯性的动作,常和often, usually, sometimes 等时间状语连用。
在一般现在时的句子中,若主语是第三人称单数,谓语动词要用其第三人称单数形式。现在进行时表示现阶段正在进行或发生的动作,现在进行时由be(am / is / are)+ving形式构成。
6. 这双鞋是红色的。 [误] This pair of shoes are red. [正] This pair of shoes is red. [析] 在shoes, trousers, gloves, glasses等表示成双成对的衣物或工具名词前用pair(表计量)修饰时,谓语动词的形式由pair的单复数形式来决定。
[第三类] 代词类 7. 这张票是她的,不是我的。 [误] This is hers ticket. It’s not my. [正] This is her ticket. It’s not mine. [析] 物主代词有形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词之分。
形容词性物主代词之后一定要接名词,而名词性物主代词之后不需接任何词。 8. 吴老师教我们英语。
[误] Miss Wu teaches our English. [正] Miss Wu teaches us English. [析] teach sb. sth..中的sb.作teach的宾语,因此当sb.为人称代词时要用其宾格形式。 [第四类] 介词类 9. 你能找到这个问题的答案吗? [误] Can you find the answer of this question? [正] Can you find the answer to this question? [析] 英语中用“the answer to …”表示“……的答案”。
类似结构还有the key to the door, the way to the zoo等。 10. 格林先生星期六上午来这里。
[误] Mr. Green will come here in Sunday evening. [正] Mr. Green will come here on Sunday evening. [析] 表示在上午、下午等时,介词要用in;而表示在具体的某天上午、下午时,介词要用on. 11. 那个穿着红裙子的小女孩是我们老师的女儿。 [误] That little girl on a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter. [正] That little girl in a red skirt is our teacher’s daughter. [析] 用介词表示“穿戴衣物”时,只能用in,其他介词没有此用法。
[第五类] 副词类 12. 莉莉,你为什么不回家呢? [误] Lily, why don’t you go to home? [正] Lily, why don’t you go home? [析] come, go 等后接here, there, home等地点副词时,地点副词前不加to。 [第六类] 连词类 13. 我喜欢语文和英语,但我不喜欢体育和历史。
[误] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. and history. [正] I like Chinese and English, but I don’t like P.E. or history. [析] 在肯定句中并列成分之间用and来连接;而在否定句中,并列成分之间的连接需用or。 [第七类] 冠词类 14. 乘飞机去北京花了史密斯一家人一个小时。
[误] It takes Smiths a hour to go to Beijing by a plane. [正] It takes the Smiths an hour to go to Beijing by plane. [析] 1.表示“……一家人”用结构“the + 姓氏复数”; 2.our 一词的第一个字母不发音,它是以元音音素开头的,所以“一小时”要用 an hour; 3.用介词by表示“乘坐”某种交通工具时,交通工具名词前不加任何冠词。 [第八类] 句法类 15. ――你不是学生吗? ――不,我是学生。
[误] ――Aren’t you a student? ――No, I am. [正] ――Aren’t you a student? ――Yes, I am. [析] 对否定疑问句的回答是用Yes还是用No,这取决于实际情况:如果事实是肯定的,就用Yes表“不”;如果事实是否定的,就用No表“是的”。 2. 房间里有多少人? [误] How many peoples are there in the room? [正] How many people are there in the room? [析] people作“人、人们”解时,是个集合名。
9.初中英语中名词所有的知识点
名词的用法名词可以分为专有名词和普通名词,专有名词是某个(些)人,地方,机构等专有的名称,如Beijing,China等。
普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词,如:book,sadness等。普通名词又可分为下面四类: 1)个体名词:表示某类人或东西中的个体,如:gun。
2)集体名词:表示若干个个体组成的集合体,如:family。 3)物质名词:表示无法分为个体的实物,如:air。
4)抽象名词:表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念,如:work。 个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算,称为可数名词,物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算,称为不可数名词。
归纳一下,名词的分类可以下图表示: 名词 专有名词 不可数名词 普通名词 物质名词 抽象名词 集体名词 可数名词 个体名词 1.1 名词复数的规则变化 情况 构成方法 读音 例词 一般情况 加 -s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars 以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加 -es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以ce, se, ze,等结尾 加 -s 读 /iz/ license-licenses 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby—babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化 1) 以y结尾的专有名词,或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时,直接加s变复数。例如: two Marys the Henrys monkey—monkeys holiday—holidays 2) 以o 结尾的名词,变复数时: a. 加s,如: photo—photos piano—pianos radio—radios zoo—zoos; b. 加es,如:potato–potatoes tomato–tomatoes c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如zero—zeros / zeroes。
3) 以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时: a. 加s,如: belief—beliefs roof—roofs safe—safes gulf—gulfs; b. 去f,fe 加ves,如:half—halves knife—knives leaf—leaves wolf—wolves wife—wives life—lives thief—thieves; c. 上述a和b两种方法均可,如handkerchief: handkerchiefs / handkerchieves。 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化 1) child—children foot—feet tooth—teeth mouse—mice man—men woman—women 注意:由一个词加 man 或 woman构成的合成词,其复数形式也是 -men 和-women,如an Englishman,two Englishmen。
但German不是合成词,故复数形式为Germans;Bowman是姓,其复数是the Bowmans。 2) 单复同形,如deer,sheep,fish,Chinese,Japanese ,li,jin,yuan,two li,three mu,four jin等。
但除人民币的元、角、分外,美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars; a meter, two meters。
3)集体名词,以单数形式出现,但实为复数。例如: people police cattle 等本身就是复数,不能说 a people,a police,a cattle,但可以说a person,a policeman,a head of cattle, the English,the British,the French,the Chinese,the Japanese,the Swiss 等名词,表示国民总称时,作复数用,如The Chinese are industries and brave. 中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4) 以s结尾,仍为单数的名词,如: a. maths,politics,physics等学科名词,一般是不可数名词,为单数。 b. news 为不可数名词。
c. the United States,the United Nations 应视为单数。 The United Nations was organized in 1945. 联合国是1945年组建起来的。
d. 以复数形式出现的书名,剧名,报纸,杂志名,也可视为单数。例如: “The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book. 《一千零一夜》是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5) 表示由两部分构成的东西,如:glasses (眼镜) trousers, clothes等,若表达具体数目,要借助数量词 pair(对,双); suit(套); a pair of glasses; two pairs of trousers等。 6) 另外还有一些名词,其复数形式有时可表示特别意思,如:goods货物,waters水域,fishes(各种)鱼。
1.4 不可数名词量的表示 1)物质名词 a. 当物质名词转化为个体名词时为可数。 比较:Cake is a kind of food. 蛋糕是一种食物。
(不可数) These cakes are sweet. 这些蛋糕很好吃。 (可数) b. 当物质名词表示该物质的种类时,可数。
例如: This factory produces steel. (不可数) We need various steels. (可数) c. 当物质名词表示份数时,可数。例如: Our country is famous for tea. 我国因茶叶而闻名。
Two teas, please. 请来两杯茶。 2) 抽象名词表示具体的事例时也可数。
例如: four freedoms 四大自由 the four modernizations四个现代化 物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量,如a glass of water 一杯水/ a piece of advice 一则建议。 5. 定语名词的复数 名词作定语一般用单数,但也有以下例外。
1) 1) 用复数作定语。例如: sports meeting 运动会 students reading-room 学生阅览室 talks table 谈判桌 the foreign languages department 外语系 2) man, woman, gentleman等作定语时,其单复数以所修饰的名词的单复数而定。
例如: men workers women teachers gentlemen officials 3) 有些原有s结尾的名词,作定语时,s保留。例如: goods train (货车) arms produce 武器生产 customs papers 海关文件 clothes brush 衣刷 4) 数词+名词作定语时,这个名词一般保留单数形式。
例如: two-dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋 a ten-mile walk 十英里路 two-hundred 。