1.英语文化背景知识收集
中学英语文化背景知识 黎里中学 丁建方 西方文化背景知识已大量地渗入现代的中学英语教材和读物中,这与传统的英语教材只强调语言知识和语法知识的重要性差别较大。
英语是一门语言学科,它是这一民族文化的组成部分,是文化的载体和折射镜。我们从中可以看到使用该语言国家的社会文化、自然环境和思维方式等。
通过对中西方语言文化背景的对比,了解两者的差异。因而教师应当充分利用各种材料中的西方文化背景知识,介绍给学生,以拓宽视野,提高交际能力和阅读能力。
以下简略地概括一些中学英语中出现的中西文化的差异和西方特有的文化背景知识。 一。
日常生活交际和风俗习惯。 中西文化的差异在日常生活中出现得很多,如姓名、称呼和问候之类。
在汉语中先姓后名而在英美国家则完全不同,他们是名前姓后,而且在中间还喜欢加上一个中间名。称呼别人时一般在姓的前面加上称呼语,如“Mr Smith”等,初学者应当注意。
在英语中我们会发现西方国家里对亲属的称谓很少,如“Aunt,Ancle, Cousin”等。 而在汉语中则不同,汉语把亲属间的关系分得极细,既能分别性别、大小又能分出与称者的关系。
这种差异说明中国的文化背景,在几千年的封建统治下,中国人高度重视血缘关系和等级观念,提倡长幼有序、尊卑分明。而在一些西方国家小辈直呼长辈之名比比皆是,少有避讳。
家庭成员之间即使是长辈也常对小辈说“Thank you”。因为西方的一些国家追求人人平等和个人的独立意识。
在英国,熟人见面时谈论天气的话题较多如“Lovely weather,isn’t it”。而在中国人们碰面时则常问“你吃了吗?”自古以来中国食风甚盛,请客吃饭司空见惯。
吃是人们谈话常见话题。英国位于大西洋北岸,属于海洋性气候,受北大西洋暖湿气流的影响,四季变化不明显,但一日之内天气状况可能瞬息万变,英国人认为“在本土没有气候,只有天气”,英国的天气每时每刻都是一个新鲜而有趣的话题,因而长期以来养成了谈论天气情况的习惯。
与西方人交际时应注意一些话题。譬如西方人一般不会向陌生人或不太熟悉的人提问对方的年龄、婚姻状况、个人收入或宗教信仰之类的事,这对于他们来说是个人的隐私,别人无权知道。
特别女性的年龄,忌讳得很。在中国就不会有这么多的忌讳。
尊重女士是英国绅士的一大特点。 “Ladies and gentlemen”。
“Ladies first”等。Lady在前,体现了英国人的绅士风度。
如果陌生人见面,介绍人一般都是先向女士引见男士,男士为女士开门、让座位、拿行李等是英国所崇尚的一种 道德风范。 当你带领客人到家作客时,英国人仅会领你到客厅或告诉你卫生间的方向而不会带客人象中国人那样到处参观,西方有一句谚语“英国人的家就是他们的城堡”而在这一方面中国人则表现出自己的大度和推心置腹。
不同文化背景下人们的思维方式也有所不同。英美国家的社交习俗中坦荡直率的风格与中国人特有的谦虚谨慎很是不同。
当别人问你是否有吃点或喝点什么时,我们总是要客气一番,有时会叫人搞不清是真还是假,弄得尴尬不堪。按西方国家的习惯,你若要即要不必推辞,说声“Yes,please”或不要“No,thanks”,不必推来推去。
当你受到别人的称赞和夸奖时,说声“Thank you”。在西方国家人们认为那是非常得体的用语,无须谦虚。
二。历史文化、习语和典故。
了解更多的历史文化和典故习语等方面的背景知识,有利于学生拓宽视野和对文章的理解。“Black”一词是美国人在二十世纪六十年代前对遭受种族歧视和压迫的黑人的称呼,甚至称黑人为“Black Slave”。
而随着黑人争取民族解放、平等、民主、自由运动的兴起,白人就借一个外来词“Negro”来称黑人。当黑人运动逐步地胜利后,黑人以“Black”而自豪。
美国著名黑人杰克逊则认为应当称美国黑人为“An American of African descent”才适当得体。 这说明随着历史的发展,语言作为其交际工具,随时都应适应社会的需要。
历史文化是属于说这种语言的宝贵遗产,它们经常在日常交际和各种阅读材料中出现,值得倍加注意。如西方人说“He is a Shylock”,不了解情况的学生没法理解此句的含义,因为“Shylock”这一词很明显是一个人名。
而如果你知道 “Shylock”是莎翁笔下的一个什么样的人物时,此句就很容易理解为他是一个守财奴。又如“Castle in spain”我们译为“西班牙城堡”,而其真正的含义是幻想或梦想。
就相当于汉语中的空中楼阁之类的意思。 英语习语是学英语者最为头痛的事,需逐步地和经常地积累。
“Pull one’sleg”是指开玩笑而不是拖后腿。“Child’s play”是简单容易不是视同儿戏。
因为习语是该国文化在特定的场合内形成的,切不可望文生义,否则会差之毫厘失之千里。如“It’s Greek to me”,英国人一般都不懂希腊语,因而此句意为“我不知道”。
“Take French leave”是指用法国式的方式告别,英国人借用十七世纪法国流行的风俗习惯离开客厅时无需向主人或女主人告别,引深为不经同意和通知而做什么事情。 中西文在各自领域内由于语言文化的背景不同,便有了各自绚丽多彩。
2.200字左右的英美国家文化背景知识,英文
a.part 1
The uk is one nation,with a single government having sovereignty over it all,but as the full name of the nation suggests,it is made up of different clements.it includes 4 parts within the nation-state:the island of great Britain is made up of England,Scotland and wales,and northern Ireland,completes the set.
England is a highly urbanized country,with 80% of its population living in city,and only 2% of the population working in agriculture.its largest city is the capital,London,which is dominant in the uk in all fields:government,finance,and culture.england is physically the largest of the four nations,and it has by far the largest population.so oddly,of the four nations,the English feel not british,and therefore have the weakest sense of themselves as a separate “english” culture within Britain.
Scotland si the second largest of the four nations,both in population and in geographical area.scotland si the most rugged part of the uk,and three quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland area.the largest city is Glasgow,in the west of this zone,but their capital city is Edinburgh.
Wales in an impartant element in britain’s industrial revolution,as it had rich coal deposits.the capital city of wales is Cardiff.wales is just larger than northern Ireland.wales retains a powerful sense of its own lantuage,welsh.
Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations.both in area and population.its capital,Belfast is a relatively small town of around 350.000 people.northern Ireland is small but significant because of the political troubles there.phusically,it is mostly rural,with low hills,a beautiful lake district in the south-west,and a rugged coastline.northern Ireland of Britain is a province on the neighbouring island of Ireland.
3.有哪些关于英语国家的文化背景的书
冲击波系列 有本是介绍英语国家文化背景的
英语专业八级人文知识(冲击波)
目录
第一部分 英语国家概况
第1章 美国概况
第2章 英语概况
第3章 加拿大概况
第4章 澳大利来概况
第5章 新西兰概况
第二部分 英语文学知识
第1章 美国文学
第一阶段 独立革命之前(十七世纪中期之前)
第一节 美国本土文学(美国印第安传统文学)
第二节 北美殖民时期文学(十六世纪末——十七世纪中)
第三节 清教思想的表述
第二阶段 独立革命时期(十七世纪中期——十八世纪末)
第三阶段 浪漫主义时期(十八世纪末——十九世纪中后期)
第四阶段 现实主义时期(十九世纪中期——二十世纪初)
第五阶段 现代主义时期(二十世纪初——)
第一节 现代诗歌
第二节 现代小说
第2章 英国文学
第一阶段 中古英国文学(8世纪——14世纪)
第二阶段 文艺复兴时期(14——17世纪中期)
第三阶段 新古典主义时期(十七世纪中期——十八世纪)
第四阶段 浪漫主义时期(十八世纪中期——十九世纪中期)
第五阶段 维多利亚时期
第六阶段 现代主义时期
第三部分 英语语言学知识
第1章 语言和语言学
第2章 语言学和音位学
第3章 形态学
第4章 句法学
第5章 语义学
第6章 语用学
第7章 语言演变
第8章 语言与社会
第9章 语言与文化
第10章 语言习得
第11章 第二语言习得
第12章 语言与大脑
4.英语文化背景知识
最后一句After all, if they don’t , they won’t be British, will they?的意思是:最后,如果他们不是这样做(做指的是“英国人中的四分之三左右的人都是子承父业,他们在学校里努力学习,最后找各种类型的工作,在二十刚出头就结婚生子,他们与父母亲相处融洽,非常喜欢家庭生活。”),他们就不是英国人了,对不对?
当然包含英国人的文化背景。英国人是一个比较保守的民族,他们非常讲究礼节,他们按照英国人的传统生活方式生活,例如前面提到的:英国人中的四分之三左右的人都是子承父业,他们在学校里努力学习,最后找各种类型的工作,在二十刚出头就结婚生子,他们与父母亲相处融洽,非常喜欢家庭生活。与其他的国家有所不同,例如美国人比较开放,喜欢我行我素。
5.200字左右的英美国家文化背景知识,英文
a.part 1The uk is one nation,with a single government having sovereignty over it all,but as the full name of the nation suggests,it is made up of different clements.it includes 4 parts within the nation-state:the island of great Britain is made up of England,Scotland and wales,and northern Ireland,completes the set.England is a highly urbanized country,with 80% of its population living in city,and only 2% of the population working in agriculture.its largest city is the capital,London,which is dominant in the uk in all fields:government,finance,and culture.england is physically the largest of the four nations,and it has by far the largest population.so oddly,of the four nations,the English feel not british,and therefore have the weakest sense of themselves as a separate “english” culture within Britain.Scotland si the second largest of the four nations,both in population and in geographical area.scotland si the most rugged part of the uk,and three quarters of the population lives in the lowland zone which spans the country between these two highland area.the largest city is Glasgow,in the west of this zone,but their capital city is Edinburgh.Wales in an impartant element in britain’s industrial revolution,as it had rich coal deposits.the capital city of wales is Cardiff.wales is just larger than northern Ireland.wales retains a powerful sense of its own lantuage,welsh.Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations.both in area and population.its capital,Belfast is a relatively small town of around 350.000 people.northern Ireland is small but significant because of the political troubles there.phusically,it is mostly rural,with low hills,a beautiful lake district in the south-west,and a rugged coastline.northern Ireland of Britain is a province on the neighbouring island of Ireland.。
6.了解英语国家的文化背景有什么好的方法吗
有条件出国吧!没有什么方法比你亲身经历而了解的英语国家文化背景更棒的了!我在这里想说的事如果你只打算出国3个月,那我劝你还是不要浪费时间和金钱挥霍你的人生。
我们大学前不久来了一群江苏省的大学教师进行3个月的短期英语培训。在他们狭隘的眼里,我们留学生比国内重点大学生要轻松地多。
我当时没有反驳,我真的不屑于跟他们解释。他们根本不知道我付出了多少才拿到了94%的成绩–我上大学以来的第一个7分(国外大学实行学分制,由1到7,7分最高)。
就凭他们对澳洲大学教学的狭隘认识,轻易地抹杀了我付出的努力。依我看来,他们3个月的“体验生活”真是不要也罢。
他们根本就不想了解他国文化,只是看到了事物的表面,以中国的思路直接给下结论。我来澳州3年了,我至今不敢说我十分了解澳洲文化。
先不谈澳洲文化,作为一个中国人,你又敢自豪地宣布你很了解中国文化吗?我相信如果你真想要了解一种文化,你必须住在那个环境里慢慢地细细地品味。
7.求5个国家的文化背景英文介绍
1 England The United Kingdomof Great Britain and Northern Ireland (UK) was created by a group of islands lying off the north-west coast of mainland Europe. Four different nations (England, scotland, wales and Northern ireland) made up one state, The United Kingdom. The central goverment is in London, but Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland each have their separate assemblies for internal affairs.2 Ireland As far as tourist appeal goes, the small island of Ireland punches far above its own weight. The country is so packed with delights that visitors are often reduced to describing its charms in hyperbolic clichés: it is the greenest country, full of the friendliest people, all of whom would be geniuses if they weren’t distracted by the lure of the pub.Ireland is indeed a green country – so much rainfall must have its benefits – and the people are justifiably renowned for their friendliness. As for the geniuses, well, the Irish will proudly point to their four Nobel Laureates for Literature and declare that the success rate is unmatched in any other country of its size, all the while ensuring that the sacred ’round’ system (where everyone buys a drink for everyone else in turn) is strictly adhered to.Yet Ireland’s charms run far deeper than the legendary craic of the pub or the accomplishments of a bunch of (mostly) dead writers. It has a remarkable history that is woven into virtually everything, from the prehistoric stone monuments of the Boyne Valley to the monuments honouring its fallen patriots, men and women who dared challenge the imperious might of its longtime occupier and contemporary friend, Britain.It has a vibrant and dynamic capital, Dublin, which has spearheaded a stunning period of economic growth that has seen the country transformed from rural backwater to the envy of Europe. As a result, the Irish have grown in worldliness that continues to propel them to greater heights of achievement. Even the thorniest issue of all – Northern Ireland – has seen a kind of resolution and Ireland looks to the future with untrammelled confidence.3 canada Canada Canada, independent nation (2001 pop. 30,007,094), 3,851,787 sq mi (9,976,128 sq km), N North America. Canada occupies all of North America N of the United States (and E of Alaska) except for Greenland and the French islands of St. Pierre and Miquelon. It is bounded on the E by the Atlantic Ocean, on the N by the Arctic Ocean, and on the W by the Pacific Ocean and Alaska. A transcontinental border, formed in part by the Great Lakes, divides Canada from the United States; Nares and Davis straits separate Canada from Greenland. The Arctic Archipelago extends far into the Arctic Ocean. Canada is a federation of 10 provinces—Newfoundland and Labrador, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Ontario, Manitoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and British Columbia—and three territories—Nunavut, the Northwest Territories, and the Yukon Territory. Canada’s capital is Ottawa and its largest city is Toronto. Other important cities include Montreal, Vancouver, Edmonton, Calgary, Winnipeg, Hamilton, and Quebec. 4 Australia The island continent of Australia Mainland Australia, with an area of 7.69 million square kilometres, is the Earth’s largest island but smallest continent. It stretches about 3700 kilometres from north to south and 4000 kilometres from east to west.In area, Australia is the 6th largest nation after Russia, Canada, China, the United States and Brazil. It is about twice the size of the European Union or the ten nations that make up the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). Its ocean territory—the third largest in the world—spans three oceans and covers around 12 million square kilometres.Australia’s average elevation is only 330 metres, the lowest of all the continents. Its highest point, Mount Kosciuszko, is only 2228 metres. The lack of height is more than compensated for in landscape variety. The giant monolith Uluru (formerly known as Ayers Rock) in the Northern Territory and the striking beehive mountains of Purnululu (the Bungle Bungles) in Western Australia attract visitors from every corner of the world, as do the country’s beaches and rainforests.The responsibility for governing this vast continent is shared between three levels of government—the federal Australian Government, the governments of the six states and two territories, and about 700 local government authorities.Australia has one of the most urbanised and coast-dwelling populations in the world. More than 80 per cent of Australians live within 100 kilometres of the coast.5 korea Korea on the Korean Peninsula 。
8.求英语国家有关的文化背景故事(要英语的)
The Great RaceFrom: American Indian Myths and LegendsEdited by Richerd Erdoes and Alfonso Ortiz.New York: Pantheon, 1984, page 390-392When the Great Mystery created the earth and all living things upon it, the people and animals lived in peace. None, neither people nor animals, ate flesh. Now it happened in the course of many seasons that the buffalo began to think that they were the most powerful beings in the world. They came to believe that this gave them the right to kill and eat other animals, and people as well. Then the people said: “This isn’t fair; we humans and the buffalo were created equal. But if it happens that one or the other must be the most powerful, then it should be us!”The buffalo said, “Let’s get this settled. We should have a contest to see whether you eat us or we eat you. How about a race?”The people said: “But in a race, you have an unfair advantage; two legs can’t compete with four. Suppose we let the birds race for us. They have wings, you have four legs, that makes it more even.”The buffalo said: “Agreed. We’ll choose our fastest runner, and you choose some birds to race for you.”Then some of the other animals said: “We should have a chance to race, too.””That’s right, it’s only fair,” said the buffalo and the people. So, all living things went to a place at the egde of the Black Hills called Buffalo Gap. There they lined up for the race.As their contestant, the buffalo had chosen Running Slim Buffalo Woman, a young cow who was the fastest of all animals and who had never been beaten in a footrace.To race for then the human beings had chosen four birds: a hummingbird, a meadowlark, a hawk, and a magpie.In those early days of the world, the birds and animals had no color. Now for the race they all painted themselves carefully, each creature according to its own medicine, its own vision. For example, the skunk painted a white stripe on its back, the black tailed deer painted its tail black, the antelope took some red-brown earth and, mixing it with water, painted its whole hide. As all creatures painted themselves for this great race, so they have looked ever since.Then the signal to race was given, and the crowd of runners started toward a hill which was the halfway point. Running Slim took off in a flash, with the buffalo cheering her on. For a while Hummingbird flew along with her, but soon he fell back exhausted and Meadowlark took over. Still, Running Slim kept far ahead, leading the great mass of racers with their thundering hooves. Though they had already covered a great distance, Running Slim was fresh.By the time Running Slim reached the halfway point, she and the lark were far ahead of the field. At the hill the umpires were shouting: “Now turn and race back to the starting point, to Buffalo Gap!”The lark heard this and thought: “I can’t make it that far.” He dropped out of the race, but already Hawk was coming on strongly.Now Hawk, acknowledged to be the fastest of the birds, suddenly shot ahead of Running Slim. The people shouted for joy — but not for long. Hawk’s endurance did not match his swiftness, and the sudden spurt exhausted him.Again Running Slim came on, thundering ahead. With her deep chest, powerful legs, and great lungs, it seemed that she could keep up the pace forever. Then far in the rear a little black and white dot could be seen, coming up, flying hard. This was Magpie, a slow bird but strong-hearted and persevering. The buffalo herd paid no attention to Magpie; they were cheering their runner while the people watched silently.Some of the racers were running so hard now that blood spurted from their mouths and nostrils. It colored the earth beneathwhich has ever remained red along the trail where the race was run.At last Buffalo Gap came into sight. Powerful and confident as she was, Running Slim herself was beginning to slow down, though it was hardly noticeable. Even she was not aware of it, but ran along feeling sure that she would win. Then very slowly, imperceptibly, Magpie began to gain on her.Buffalo Gap was closer now, though still a good way off, thought Slim Running. She could feel herself tiring. The buffalo were grunting and stomping, trying to encourage her. Magpie was still behind, but coming along steadily.Now Buffalo Gap was near. Running Slim Buffalo Woman was really tired, but she gathered all her strength for the last spurt, thundering along, her heart close to bursting. By then, however, Magpie had come up even with her.Both the buffalo and the people were cheering their racers on, calling out to them, yelling and stomping. So the two were speeding up, putting the very last of。
9.作为一名学生,你不仅要学习英语语言知识,还要了解讲英语国家的文
Dear Chuck,
How are you? I am a student in *** school. I wanna make friends with you and I hope I can know much more English culture knowledge from our communication. Could you please give me some material of English culture, becaues I believe缉沪光疚叱狡癸挟含锚 where there is a text, and there is culture. So I begin to know how important the culture is now, however, I have no such resources of them. And I hope you can give me some advices.
Best wishes
Yours,
Ben