1.有关现在完成时的知识.
1.现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态，其结果的确和现在有联系。
动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。
2.比较过去时与现在完成时 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now， 具体的时间状语共同的时间状语： this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 现在完成时的时间状语for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always，不确定的时间状语 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 举例： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early？ （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn’t handed in his paper？ （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） He joined the League three years ago. （ 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。）
I have finished my homework now. —Will somebody go and get Dr. White? —He’s already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 3. 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years. （现在我仍在这里工作。）小窍门： 当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1） （对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2） （错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.4. since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点 （如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago.3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student 5.延续动词与瞬间动词 1） 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果） I’ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。
（表经历）2） 用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示”做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示”到……，才……” He didn’t come back until ten o’clock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o’clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题1. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2.—I’m sorry to keep you waiting. —Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
2.有关现在完成时的知识.
1.现在完成时 现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状 态，其结果的确和现在有联系。
动作或状态发生在过去 但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或 状态。其构成： have (has) +过去分词。
2.比较过去时与现在完成时 1）过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 2）过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。
一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now， 具体的时间状语 共同的时间状语： this morning, tonight,this April, now, once,before, already, recently,lately 现在完成时的时间状语 for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years, always，不确定的时间状语 3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know. 过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。 举例： I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了。）
I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） Why did you get up so early？ （强调起床的动作已发生过了。）
Who hasn’t handed in his paper？ （强调有卷子，可能为不公平竞争。） She has returned from Paris. 她已从巴黎回来了。
She returned yesterday. 她是昨天回来了。 He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续） He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续） He joined the League three years ago. （ 三年前入团，joined为短暂行为。）
I have finished my homework now. —Will somebody go and get Dr. White? —He’s already been sent for. 句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如 yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。 （错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night. （对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night. 3. 比较since和for Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。
I have lived here for more than twenty years. I have lived here since I was born.. My aunt has worked in a clinic since 1949. Some new oilfields have been opened up since 1976. I have known Xiao Li since she was a little girl. My brother has been in the Youth League for two years. I have not heard from my uncle for a long time.注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。 I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years. （现在我仍在这里工作。） 小窍门： 当现在完成时+一段时间，这一结构中，我们用下面的公式转化，很容易就能排除非延续动词在完成时中的误使。
1） （对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2） （错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now. 显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.4. since的四种用法 1) since +过去一个时间点 （如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。 I have been here since 1989. 2) since +一段时间+ ago I have been here since five months ago.3) since +从句 Great changes have taken place since you left. Considerable time has elapsed since we have been here. 4) It is +一段时间+ since从句 It is two years since I became a postgraduate student 5.延续动词与瞬间动词 1） 用于完成时的区别 延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结 果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。
He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果） I’ve known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。
（表经历）2） 用于till / until从句的差异 延续动词用于肯定句，表示”做……直到……” 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示”到……，才……” He didn’t come back until ten o’clock. 他到10 点才回来。 He slept until ten o’clock. 他一直睡到10点。
典型例题1. You don’t need to describe her. I ___ her several times. A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet 答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。
2.—I’m sorry to keep you waiting. —Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be 答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。
3.英语,现在完成时相关知识
现在完成时（Present perfect）过去发生并且已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或后果，过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在并且有可能还会持续的动作或状态。
基本构成：have/has+done基本结构：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）(V-ed) e.g done ①肯定句中：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词（p.p）(V-ed)+宾语. ②否定句中：主语+Haven’t/Hasn’t+动词的过去分词（p.p）(V-ed)+宾语. ③一般疑问句中：Have/Has+主语+动词的过去分词（p.p）(V-ed)+宾语. ④特殊疑问句中：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词（V-ed）+其他） （1）强调动作是从过去持续到现在，并有可能继续持续下去。 （2） 强调对现在的影响或结果，此用法容易和一般过去时混淆。
两者的区别是：一般过去时有动作发生的时间点，即过去某一时间发生某一动作；现在完成时则没有，即不强调是哪个时间点发生的动作，而强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响和结果。 （3）在过去不确定的时间里发生的动作，但是结果对现在有影响。
但过去分词一定要选择准确。 1.现在完成时不能单独与准确时间连用，（如表示过去的时间状语） 如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非与for,since连用. 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用 如already（肯定），yet（否定，疑问），just,before,recently,still,lately,never等： He has already obtained a scholarship. I haven’t seen much of him recently (lately). We have seen that film before. Have they found the missing child yet? 3. 现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用， 如often,sometimes,ever,never,twice,on several occasion等： Have you ever been to Beijing I have never heard Bunny say anything against her. I have used this pen only three times. It is still good. George has met that gentleman on several occasions. 4. 现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用， 如now,up to these few days/weeks/months/years,this morning/week/month/year,just,today,up to present,so far等： Peter has written six papers so far. Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom. There has been too much rain in San Francisco this year. The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years. Up to the present everything has been successful. 5. 现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作. We have had four texts this semester. 6.现在完成时的”完成用法” 现在完成时的”完成用法”指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。（动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况–灯现在不亮了。）
现在完成时”完成用法”的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语（如：already,yet,before,recently等）、频度时间状语（如：never,ever,once等）、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语（如：this morning / month /year。,today等）连用。
例如：Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？ 7.现在完成时的”未完成用法” 现在完成时的”未完成用法”指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。 例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。
（动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。） I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。
（动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。） 此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语（由since或for引导），或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语（如：up to now,so far）等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。 注意：（1）现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。
如：come,go,arrive,leave,join,become,die等。 8.一段时间+has passed+since从句 9. 现在完成时常和短语 “up to now /till now”,”so far” （意思是从过去某一确定的时间一直延续到现在）连用。
Up to/till now he’s read many story books. 至今他已读过好多故事书。 I’ve been to New York three times so far. 至今我已到纽约去过三次。
has gone (to),has been (to),has been (in) 的区别 gone：去了没回 been to ：去过 been in：呆了很久 10.不能与when连用 11.不可以与一般过去时的定义混淆。
4.谁能告诉我关于”现在完成时态”的相关的所有知识及考点
— 用于现在完成时的句型
1)It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
It was the third time that the boy had been late.
2)This is the… that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I’ve heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。
典型例题
(1) —Do you know our town at all?
—No, this is the first time I ___ here.
A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming
答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。
(2) —Have you ____ been to our town before?
—No, it’s the first time I ___ here.
A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come
答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。 This is the largest fish I have ever seen. It is / was the first time +that-clause 的句型中，从句要用完成时。
注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。
（错）I have received his letter for a month.
（对）I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
5.现在完成时的相关内容
一. 基本结构：助动词have/has+过去分词（done）
二. 句型：
否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他.
一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他.
简略答语： Yes， 主语 + have/has.（肯定）
No， 主语 + haven’t/hasn’t.（否定）
三.用法：
(1)现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果
I have spent all of my money (so far).（含义是：现在我没有钱花了.）
Guo zijun has (just/already) come. （含义：郭子君现在在这儿）
My father has gone to work.（含义是：我爸爸现在不在这儿）
(2)现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的，持续到现在的动作（用行为动词表示）或状态（be动词表示）常与for（+时间段），since（+时间点或过去时的句子）连用.
①for+时段
②since+过去一个时间点（译为：自从……以来）
③since+时段+ago
④since+从句（过去时）
●⑤It is+时段+since+从句（过去时）
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
四. has gone (to),has been (to), has been (in) 的区别
Have/Has gone(to) ：去了（现在不在说话现场）
Where is your father?He has gone to Shanghai.
Have/Has been (to) ：去过（已不在去过的地方）
My father has been to Shanghai.
Have/has been in：呆了多久（还在所呆的地方）
My father has been in Shanghai for two months. /since two months ago.
五.现在完成时的标志：
1. 现在完成时的含义之一是过去完成的动作对现在仍有影响，用以下四大标志词可以表达这种含义：
* 以already, just和yet为标志 He has already got her help. 他已得到她的帮助。He has just seen the film. 他刚刚看过这场电影。He hasn’t come back yet. 他还没有回来。
* 以ever和never为标志 This is the best film I have ever seen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。He has never been to Beijing. 他从没有到过北京。
* 以动作发生的次数为标志 He says he has been to the USA three times. 他说他已经去过美国三次了。
* 以so far（到目前为止）为标+before He has got to Beijing so far. 到目前为止他已到了北京。
She has passed the examso far. 到目前为止她已经通过了考试。
2.过去已经开始的动作一直延续到现在， 甚至有可能继续延续下去，我们可以从动作“延续”的特性和“时间”点段的区分入手，进一步学习现在完成时。
* ①for+时段 ②since+过去一个时间点（过去 从句）为标志
注意： 1）现在完成时不能单独与过去的时间状语连用， 如yesterday,last week, three years ago 等； 2）不能与when连用 2.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用
6.【现在完成时的知识点以及相应的练习和过去将来时的知识点】
现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态.句式有肯定句式、否定句式、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句.现在完成时常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰.强调的是这一动作与现在的关系.现在完成时-过去分词现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态.现在完成时句式有肯定句式、否定句式、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句.现在完成时常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰.现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系.如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系.现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系.动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态.基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词（done）.现在完成时练习题及答案现在完成时练习题一、翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书.3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场.4. 他已经吃过午饭了.5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来.7. 我上星期看过这部电影.8. 在1992年他住在这里.9.这本字典我已买了三年了.10.他离开中国三年了.11.我认识他们五年了.12.他们已去了美国五年了.13.自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了.14.他们已经结婚10年.15.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年.16.这会已开了多长时间了？17.这门已经关了两天了.18.我入团2年了.19.他们已经相互认识.20.我已经在农场里呆了五年1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.i have lost my chemistry book.3 i have never been to that farm.4.he already had lunch.5 have you seen this movie yet?6 my brother has not returned.7 i have seen this movie last week.8 he has lived here since 1992.9 i have had this dictionary for three years.10 he has left China for three years.11 they have known each other for five years.12 they have been in the USA for five years.13 he has lived here since he moved Fuzhou.14 they have married for ten years.15 my sister has been a university student for three years.16 how long has the meeting kept?17 the door has closed for two days.18 i have joined in the Communist Youth League for two years.19 they have known each other since 1999.20 i have been in the farm for five years.A:1. All the furniture in the building _______ to the company not to his own. A. is belonged B belongs C. belong D are belonged2. When I was at college I _______ three foreign languages, but I _______ all except a few words of each. A. spoke, had forgotten B spoke, have forgotten C had spoken, had forgotten D had spoken, have forgotten3. —–We would have walked to the station. It was so near. —– Yes, a taxi _______ at all necessary. A wasn’t B hadn’t been C wouldn’t be D won’t be 4. I don’t really work here. I _______ until the new secretary arrives. A just help out B have just helped out C am just helping out D will just help out5. He _______ his leg when he _______ in a football match. A broke, played B was breaking, was playing C broke, was playing D was breaking, played6. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _______. A will arrive B arrives C is going to arrive D is arriving7. As she _______ newspaper, Granny _______ asleep. A read, was falling B was reading, fell C was reading , was falling D read, fall8. —Do you like the material?—Yes, it _______ very soft. A is feeling B felt C feels D is felt9. —Come on in, Tom. I want to show you something. — Oh, how nice of you! I _______ you _______ to bring me a gift. A never think, are going B never thought, were going C didn’t think , were going D hadn’t thought , were going 10. —-You’ve agreed to go, so why aren’t you getting ready?—-But I _______ that you _______ us to start at once. A don’t realize, want B don’t realize, wanted C haven’t realized, want D didn’t realize, wanted11. The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks. A didn’t clean B hadn’t cleaned C don’t clean D haven’t cleaned12. —–_______ the sports meet might be put off. —- Yes, it all depends on the weather. A I’ve been told B I’ve told C I’m told D I told13. —- I’m sorry to keep you waiting. —-Oh, not at all. I _______ here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 14. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet15. The cost of living _______ by ten percent before the government took any action.A was going B went up C had gone up D has gone up 16. By the time new pupil _______ enough courage to raise his hand , the bell for the end of the lesson _______.A had gathered ; was already ringing B was gathering ; had already rungC gathered 。
7.过去完成时态的有关知识
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前做了，一直延续到现在的动作。（延续性）
它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词（done）
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）
1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by,
before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。
(2)表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
(3)叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。
(4)在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
(5)过去完成时常常用在宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。
(6)在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。
(7)动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
(8)过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…， no sooner…than…， It was the first (second, etc)
time (that)…等固定句型中。
8.过去完成时态的有关知识
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前做了，一直延续到现在的动作。（延续性） 它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”。
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词（done） ①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他 ②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他 ③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他 ④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。
可以用by, before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for, since构成的时间状语连用。
（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。
（5）过去完成时常常用在宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。（6）在包含有when, until等连词的复合句中，如果主句谓语动词和从句谓语动词所表示的过去动作不是同时发生的，那么先发生的动作通常用过去完成时表示。
注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为 这 时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。（7）动词think, want, hope, mean, plan, intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。
（8）过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…， no sooner…than…， It was the first (second, etc) time (that)…等固定句型中。
9.现在完成时的知识点以及相应的练习和过去将来时的知识点
现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态。
句式有肯定句式、否定句式、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。现在完成时常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。现在完成时-过去分词现在完成时表示到说话时为止（或到现在为止）已经发生或完成了（不一定结束）的动作或状态。
现在完成时句式有肯定句式、否定句式、一般疑问句和特殊疑问句。现在完成时常被just、already、yet 等副词修饰。
现在完成时强调的是这一动作与现在的关系。如对现在产生的结果或影响等，而一般过去时只表示动作在过去某一时刻发生，不表示和现在的关系。
现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的确和现在有联系。动作或状态发生在过去但它的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。
基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词（done）。现在完成时练习题及答案现在完成时练习题一、翻译下列句子：1. 你曾经吃过鱼和薯条吗？2. 我刚刚丢了我的化学书。
3. 我以前从来没去过那个农场。4. 他已经吃过午饭了。
5. 你已经看过这部电影了吗？6. 我哥哥还没回来。7. 我上星期看过这部电影。
8. 在1992年他住在这里。9.这本字典我已买了三年了。
10.他离开中国三年了。11.我认识他们五年了。
12.他们已去了美国五年了。13.自从他搬到福州，他就住这儿了。
14.他们已经结婚10年。15.我妹妹成为一个大学生已经三年。
16.这会已开了多长时间了？17.这门已经关了两天了。18.我入团2年了。
19.他们已经相互认识。20.我已经在农场里呆了五年1.Have you eatten fish and french frise?2.i have lost my chemistry book.3 i have never been to that farm.4.he already had lunch.5 have you seen this movie yet?6 my brother has not returned.7 i have seen this movie last week.8 he has lived here since 1992.9 i have had this dictionary for three years.10 he has left China for three years.11 they have known each other for five years.12 they have been in the USA for five years.13 he has lived here since he moved Fuzhou.14 they have married for ten years.15 my sister has been a university student for three years.16 how long has the meeting kept?17 the door has closed for two days.18 i have joined in the Communist Youth League for two years.19 they have known each other since 1999.20 i have been in the farm for five years.A:1. All the furniture in the building _______ to the company not to his own. A. is belonged B belongs C. belong D are belonged2. When I was at college I _______ three foreign languages, but I _______ all except a few words of each. A. spoke, had forgotten B spoke, have forgotten C had spoken, had forgotten D had spoken, have forgotten3. —–We would have walked to the station. It was so near. —– Yes, a taxi _______ at all necessary. A wasn’t B hadn’t been C wouldn’t be D won’t be 4. I don’t really work here. I _______ until the new secretary arrives. A just help out B have just helped out C am just helping out D will just help out5. He _______ his leg when he _______ in a football match. A broke, played B was breaking, was playing C broke, was playing D was breaking, played6. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she _______. A will arrive B arrives C is going to arrive D is arriving7. As she _______ newspaper, Granny _______ asleep. A read, was falling B was reading, fell C was reading , was falling D read, fall8. —Do you like the material?—Yes, it _______ very soft. A is feeling B felt C feels D is felt9. —Come on in, Tom. I want to show you something. — Oh, how nice of you! I _______ you _______ to bring me a gift. A never think, are going B never thought, were going C didn’t think , were going D hadn’t thought , were going 10. —-You’ve agreed to go, so why aren’t you getting ready?—-But I _______ that you _______ us to start at once. A don’t realize, want B don’t realize, wanted C haven’t realized, want D didn’t realize, wanted11. The house is dirty. We _______it for weeks. A didn’t clean B hadn’t cleaned C don’t clean D haven’t cleaned12. —–_______ the sports meet might be put off. —- Yes, it all depends on the weather. A I’ve been told B I’ve told C I’m told D I told13. —- I’m sorry to keep you waiting. —-Oh, not at all. I _______ here only a few minutes. A have been B had been C was D will be 14. You don’t need to describe her. I _______ her several times. A. had met B have met C met D meet15. The cost of living _______ by ten percent before the government took any action.A was going B went up C had gone up D has gone up 16. By the time new pupil _______ enough courage to raise his hand , the bell for the end of the lesson _______.A had gathered ; was already 。
